Health and Safety at BKIK | 和BKIK一起，关爱幼儿，健康保健
Dear BKIK Parents,
亲爱的BKIK家长们：
Health and Safety at BKIK
健康与安全
As you would have seen and be aware of via our regular school (and class) communications, the outbreak of the Herpangina virus has seen two classes close for a period of days whilst we closely monitor the other classes very closely at BKIK. As always, our School Nurse, SLT and staff handled have been keeping in constant communication with all relevant parents as well as following health and safety (separation and sterilization) protocols within the School site according to GZ Education Bureau guidelines (and well above expectations).
正如您在班级群及Toddle通知上所看到和了解的那样，现在是疱疹性咽峡炎的爆发期，对我园的学生造成了一定的影响。一如既往，我们的校医、中层管理人员和老师们一直与所有相关家长保持联系，并严格按照广州市天河区教育局以及疾控的指导方针，履行学校内的健康和安全（隔离和消毒）准则。
In addition 此外:
Classes have been separated at all student drop off and outdoor play times;
•所有班级之间学生间隔时间放学及户外时间分区域活动；
Student pick up routines have been modified;
•已调整学生的接送流程；
Student bedding equipment and fabric have all be cleaned and washed;
•学生午睡床品已全部清洗干净；
Specialist/Function rooms are out of bounds and have all been thoroughly cleaned and wiped down;
•负一层功能室/多功能厅暂停使用，并已对设施设备彻底清洁和擦拭；
Outdoor play equipment has been regularly cleaned after outdoor play;
•户外游乐设备在户外活动后定期清洁及消毒；
Stairwell handrails are wiped down as students travel to/from classes.
•学生经过楼道后，及时擦拭及清洁扶手。
We trust and hope you understand how hard all BKIK faculty is working to deal with this situation in the safest and quickest way for all our students. We sincerely appreciate your support with this matter.
BKIK全体教职员工正以最安全、最高效的方式为孩子们的健康保驾护航，相信我们的努力大家也是有目共睹的，我们也衷心地感谢您的理解和支持。
Best Regards,
Alex Paltos.
园长·Principal
汇悦天启幼儿园·Bubble Kingdom International Kindergarten
了解和预防疱疹性咽峡炎，看这里
Let's Recognize and Prevent Herpangina
随着夏季的来临，又到了肠道病毒感染的高发季节。疱疹性咽峡炎和手足口病相似，是儿童期常见的肠道病毒感染引起的急性传染性疾病。本文将详细介绍疱疹性咽峡炎的特点，和手足口病的异同，以及家长关心的治疗、护理和预防方法。
With the advent of summer, the risk of intestinal infection is high. Herpangina, similar to HFMD, is an acute infectious disease caused by a common intestinal infection in children. This article will introduce the characteristics of herpangina, the similarities and differences between herpangina and HFMD, and the treatment, nursing and prevention methods in order to provide information to parents.
01
什么是疱疹性咽峡炎？
What is Herpangina?
疱疹性咽峡炎是以急性发热和咽峡部疱疹为特征的传染性疾病，多由柯萨奇A组病毒感染引起，其他常见的病原包括柯萨奇病毒B型、埃可病毒、肠道病毒A71型。肠道病毒传染性强，不同血清型的病毒间不能产生交叉免疫，不同年龄组的人群均可患病，尤其容易在幼托机构、早教机构等易感人群集中的场所爆发流行。
Herpangina is an infectious disease characterized by acute fever and pharyngeal herpes. It is mostly caused by coxsackievirus A infection. Other common pathogens include coxsackievirus B, echovirus and enterovirus A71. Enteroviruses are highly infectious, different subtypes of the virus can not produce cross immunity.Therefore, people of different age groups can get sick, especially in kindergartens and early education institutions as well as other places where there are many susceptible people.
02
主要临床表现是什么？
What are the main clinical features and symptoms?
疱疹性咽峡炎最主要的症状是发热和咽痛，儿童通常以突然出现的高热起病，有时可合并发生热性惊厥。
The main symptoms of herpangina are fever and sore throat. Children usually have a sudden high fever, sometimes with febrile convulsions.
对于不会表达自己的婴幼儿，常见的症状包括厌食、流涎、呕吐、烦躁不安等；年长儿童的常见症状包括乏力、头痛、咽痛、吞咽困难和腹痛等。
For infants who can't express themselves, the common symptoms include weight loss, salivation, vomiting, irritability, etc; common symptoms of older children include fatigue, headache, sore throat, dysphagia and stomachache.
医生检查身体时，可发现咽部充血，在口腔后部的咽腭弓、软腭、悬雍垂的黏膜上可见数枚1-2mm大小灰白色的疱疹，周围有红晕，1～2日后破溃形成3-4mm的小溃疡。疱疹或溃疡的数量一般不超过10个。
绝大多数疱疹性咽峡炎病例病程自限，预后良好，发热一般持续2-4天，疱疹和溃疡1周左右逐渐痊愈。
03
需要做哪些检查？
What kinds of checks do you need to do?
疱疹性咽峡炎可以根据典型的临床表现确诊，无需进一步化验检查。
Herpangina can be diagnosed according to the typical clinic observation and evaluation without further laboratory examination.
不过，病程初期的血液检查可能提示白细胞及中性粒细胞升高、C反应蛋白升高，1-2日后复查，往往有自行下降的趋势，不应该被误认为细菌感染而使用抗菌药物治疗。
04
和手足口病有什么异同？
What are the similarities and differences between HFMD and herpangina?
手足口病与疱疹性咽峡炎由同一组病毒感染引起，但病毒亚型略有不同：
HFMD and herpangina are caused by the same group of viruses, but their subtypes are slightly different:
手足口病除了口腔疱疹外，还会出现皮疹，以手、脚、臀部最为常见；此外，手足口病的口腔疱疹多分布于舌头和颊粘膜上，有时牙龈、上颚也可发现；而疱疹性咽峡炎的疱疹主要分布于口腔后部（见下图）。
另外，据流行病学统计，我国流行的疱疹性咽峡炎疫情以轻症感染为主，并发症罕见；而有些手足口病的病例可能会发展为重症，出现心肌炎、脑炎等情况，甚至危及生命（尤其是由肠道病毒A71型感染导致时）。
05
如何治疗和护理？
How to treat and care?
目前没有任何抗病毒药物证实对肠道病毒感染有效，治疗和护理的重点是缓解不适，预防由于咽痛、进食减少造成的脱水。
At present, no antiviral drugs have been proved to be effective for enterovirus infection. The priority of treatment and nursing is to relieve discomfort and prevent dehydration caused by sore throat and reduced food intake.
当孩子因为发热感到不舒服时，可以按需使用退热药物（详细使用方法请遵医嘱）。
进食凉软的流食、半流食，盐水漱口等方式有助于缓解咽痛，不推荐使用含有表面麻醉剂、抗炎药物或薄荷醇的喷剂治疗，这类药物对于年幼儿童并不安全，使用风险超过了可能的益处。喉咙疼痛可以用温和的止痛药治疗，例如对乙酰氨基酚或者布洛芬。这些药物需要根据体重，而不是年龄来决定药物剂量。治疗量和退热时使用的剂量是一样的。
06
什么情况下应该看医生？
Under what circumstances should I see a doctor?
虽然重症的疱疹性咽峡炎病例十分罕见，但当出现以下警惕症状时，提示孩子病情重，应该及时就医：
Although severe herpangina cases are very rare, it indicates that if the child is seriously ill they should seek medical treatment in time as the following alert symptoms continue to be evident:
发热超过3-5天没有消退的趋势；
口腔疱疹或咽痛持续5天没有好转；
无法摄入任何液体，超过6-8小时没有小便；
频繁呕吐、头痛、颈部僵硬、视物模糊、抽搐；
精神萎靡、昏昏欲睡，或烦躁不安、难以安抚，即使体温正常也是这样；
呼吸困难、呼吸急促，面色苍白或青紫。
The fever has not subsided after 3-5 days;
No improvement in oral herpes or sore throat for 5 days;
No liquid intake, no urination for more than 6-8 hours;
Frequent vomiting, headache, neck stiffness, blurred vision and convulsions;
Be depressed, drowsy, or restless and difficult to pacify, even if the body temperature is normal;
Dyspnea, shortness of breath, look pale or purplish.
07
如何预防疱疹性咽峡炎？
How to prevent Herpangina?
疱疹性咽峡炎主要通过粪-手-口途径传播，但患病儿童的呼吸道分泌物、唾液均有传染性，而且即使痊愈，粪便中排出病毒的时间可长达数星期。
Herpangina is mainly transmitted through feces—hand—oral route, but the respiratory secretions and saliva of sick children are infectious. Even after the recovery, the virus in feces can be present for several weeks.
来源：卓正科普
Source: Health Express of Distinct HealthCare
